ARDMS Echo Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

What echocardiographic finding is pathognomonic for rheumatic mitral stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Hockey stick deformity of the anterior mitral leaflet

Answer

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer

Flail posterior mitral leaflet

Answer

Mitral annular calcification only

Question 2

Which echocardiographic finding best distinguishes severe from moderate aortic regurgitation?

Accepted Answer

Vena contracta width ≥ 0.6 cm

Answer

Pressure half-time < 400 ms only

Answer

Color jet width > 25% of LVOT only

Answer

Jet length reaching apex only

Question 3

What is the most common etiology of isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Functional (secondary to RV dilation/annular dilation)

Answer

Rheumatic disease

Answer

Infective endocarditis

Answer

Carcinoid syndrome

Question 4

On echocardiography, mitral valve prolapse is defined as leaflet displacement of at least how many millimeters above the mitral annular plane?

Accepted Answer

2 mm

Answer

5 mm

Answer

1 mm

Answer

3 mm

Question 5

What does a Wilkins score > 8 in mitral stenosis predict?

Accepted Answer

Poor outcome with balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Answer

Excellent outcome with balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Answer

Severe mitral regurgitation

Answer

Absence of commissural fusion

Question 6

Which echocardiographic view best demonstrates aortic valve morphology to determine if it is bicuspid or tricuspid?

Accepted Answer

Parasternal short-axis view at the aortic valve level

Answer

Apical five-chamber view

Answer

Subcostal view

Answer

Suprasternal notch view