ARDMS Echo Cardiac Measurements and Calculations

Question 1

What is the normal range for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in adults?

Accepted Answer

4.2–5.9 cm

Answer

3.0–4.0 cm

Answer

6.0–7.0 cm

Answer

2.0–3.5 cm

Question 2

Which formula is used to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using the biplane method of disks?

Accepted Answer

Simpson's biplane method

Answer

Teichholz formula

Answer

Quinones formula

Answer

Cube formula

Question 3

What does the E/e' ratio estimate in echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular filling pressures

Answer

Left ventricular systolic function

Answer

Right ventricular size

Answer

Aortic valve area

Question 4

Using the continuity equation, aortic valve area (AVA) is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

LVOT area × LVOT VTI / AV VTI

Answer

AV VTI / LVOT VTI × heart rate

Answer

LVOT diameter² × 0.785

Answer

Peak AV velocity / LVOT velocity

Question 5

What is the normal interventricular septal (IVS) thickness at end-diastole?

Accepted Answer

0.6–1.0 cm

Answer

0.2–0.5 cm

Answer

1.1–1.3 cm

Answer

1.4–1.7 cm

Question 6

The fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

(LVEDD − LVESD) / LVEDD × 100%

Answer

(LVESD − LVEDD) / LVESD × 100%

Answer

(LVEDD + LVESD) / 2 × 100%

Answer

LVESD / LVEDD × 100%