ARDMS Echo Cardiac Hemodynamics

Question 1

Which Doppler measurement is used to calculate cardiac output in echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume × heart rate

Answer

Peak mitral E velocity × heart rate

Answer

IVRT × heart rate

Answer

E/A ratio × heart rate

Question 2

What does a restrictive filling pattern on mitral inflow Doppler indicate?

Accepted Answer

Grade III or IV diastolic dysfunction

Answer

Normal diastolic function

Answer

Grade I diastolic dysfunction

Answer

Hyperdynamic LV function

Question 3

Using the continuity equation, if LVOT diameter is 2 cm, LVOT VTI is 20 cm, and aortic VTI is 80 cm, what is the aortic valve area?

Accepted Answer

0.785 cm²

Answer

1.57 cm²

Answer

3.14 cm²

Answer

0.39 cm²

Question 4

What does the pressure half-time method estimate in echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

Mitral valve area

Answer

Pulmonary artery pressure

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Left atrial pressure

Question 5

Which formula estimates right atrial pressure to calculate pulmonary artery systolic pressure from TR jet velocity?

Accepted Answer

PASP = 4V² + RAP

Answer

PASP = 4V² − RAP

Answer

PASP = 2V² + RAP

Answer

PASP = V² + RAP

Question 6

Which parameter best reflects LV filling pressures when the mitral E/e' ratio exceeds 14?

Accepted Answer

Elevated LV end-diastolic pressure

Answer

Normal LV filling pressure

Answer

Reduced preload

Answer

Hyperdynamic systolic function