ARDMS Echo Congenital Heart Disease

Question 1

Which echocardiographic view best visualizes a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Subcostal four-chamber and off-axis views

Answer

Parasternal long axis

Answer

Apical two-chamber view

Answer

Parasternal short axis at the base

Question 2

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) with left-to-right shunt produces which hemodynamic finding on echo?

Accepted Answer

LV and LA volume overload

Answer

RV dilation with pressure overload

Answer

LV pressure overload with concentric hypertrophy

Answer

RA and RV volume overload only

Question 3

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is best assessed using which Doppler approach?

Accepted Answer

High parasternal or suprasternal notch view with color and CW Doppler

Answer

Apical five-chamber view with CW Doppler

Answer

Subcostal view with pulsed Doppler

Answer

Parasternal long axis view

Question 4

In tetralogy of Fallot, which four cardiac defects are present?

Accepted Answer

VSD, RVOT obstruction, aortic override, RV hypertrophy

Answer

VSD, ASD, PDA, pulmonary stenosis

Answer

TGA, VSD, ASD, pulmonary atresia

Answer

Coarctation, VSD, ASD, aortic stenosis

Question 5

What does the Qp:Qs ratio represent in the assessment of intracardiac shunts?

Accepted Answer

Ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (shunt fraction)

Answer

Pressure gradient across a shunt

Answer

Ratio of mitral to aortic valve area

Answer

Cardiac index in pulmonary circulation

Question 6

Ebstein's anomaly is characterized by which echocardiographic finding?

Accepted Answer

Apical displacement of the tricuspid valve septal leaflet by ≥8 mm/m²

Answer

Bicuspid aortic valve with apical leaflet displacement

Answer

Sub-pulmonic VSD with tricuspid override

Answer

Apical displacement of the mitral valve