ACSM-EP Anatomy & Physiology 5

Question 1

Which metabolic process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose under aerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation via the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain yields approximately 30-32 ATP per glucose molecule, far exceeding anaerobic pathways.

Question 2

The rotator cuff is composed of which four muscles?

Accepted Answer

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Answer

SITS is the mnemonic: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis form the rotator cuff.

Question 3

During prolonged submaximal aerobic exercise, the primary substrate shift that occurs after ~20-30 minutes is toward:

Accepted Answer

Increased fat oxidation and decreased carbohydrate use

Answer

As glycogen stores deplete during prolonged exercise, free fatty acid oxidation progressively increases to spare carbohydrate.

Question 4

The adrenal medulla releases which catecholamines in response to acute exercise stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine as part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response during exercise.

Question 5

Which joint in the lower extremity is classified as a hinge joint, allowing primarily flexion and extension?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint

Answer

The knee (tibiofemoral) joint is primarily a modified hinge joint allowing flexion and extension, with slight rotation when flexed.

ACSM Practice Test