SGNA Pathophysiology of GI Disorders 3

Question 1

Diverticulosis most commonly affects which segment of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Sigmoid colon

Answer

Diverticulosis predominantly affects the sigmoid colon because it has the narrowest diameter, generating the highest intraluminal pressures during peristalsis, which forces mucosa through weak points in the muscular wall.

Question 2

The Rome IV criteria are primarily used as a diagnostic framework for classifying which category of GI conditions?

Accepted Answer

Functional gastrointestinal disorders including IBS

Answer

The Rome IV criteria provide a symptom-based classification system for functional gastrointestinal disorders, including IBS, functional dyspepsia, and functional constipation, without requiring structural or biochemical abnormalities.

Question 3

Ischemic colitis most commonly affects which colonic regions due to their watershed blood supply?

Accepted Answer

Splenic flexure and sigmoid colon

Answer

Ischemic colitis most commonly affects the splenic flexure (Griffith's point) and sigmoid colon (Sudeck's point), which are watershed areas with limited collateral blood supply between arterial territories.

Question 4

Gastroparesis is defined as delayed gastric emptying in the absence of which essential condition?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical gastric outlet obstruction

Answer

Gastroparesis is defined as objectively delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction; ruling out structural blockage is essential before making the diagnosis.

Question 5

A Mallory-Weiss tear is caused by which primary mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sudden increase in intragastric pressure from forceful retching or vomiting

Answer

Mallory-Weiss tears are longitudinal mucosal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction caused by a sudden rise in intragastric pressure during forceful retching or vomiting, often associated with alcohol use.

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test

SGNA Pathophysiology of GI Disorders 3