SGNA GI Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which sphincter separates the esophagus from the stomach and prevents gastroesophageal reflux?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Answer

Upper esophageal sphincter

Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Answer

Ileocecal valve

Question 2

What is the primary function of the small intestine's villi and microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Answer

Produce digestive enzymes exclusively

Answer

Propel food via peristalsis

Answer

Secrete bicarbonate to neutralize acid

Question 3

The haustra are characteristic structural features of which GI organ?

Accepted Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Gallbladder

Question 4

Which cells in the gastric mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Answer

Chief cells

Answer

G cells

Answer

Goblet cells

Question 5

What is the approximate length of the adult colon?

Accepted Answer

1.5 meters

Answer

6 meters

Answer

0.5 meters

Answer

3 meters

Question 6

The ampulla of Vater is the junction where bile and pancreatic ducts empty into which structure?

Accepted Answer

Second part of the duodenum

Answer

Jejunum

Answer

Stomach antrum

Answer

Common hepatic duct