SGNA Pathophysiology of GI Disorders

Question 1

Barrett's esophagus is characterized by the replacement of normal squamous epithelium with which type of epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Columnar intestinal-type epithelium with goblet cells

Answer

Transitional epithelium

Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 2

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs)

Answer

Increased basal gastric acid secretion

Answer

Significantly delayed gastric emptying

Answer

Hiatal hernia formation

Question 3

Celiac disease is triggered by an immune response to which protein fraction?

Accepted Answer

Gliadin, a fraction of gluten

Answer

Casein from dairy products

Answer

Albumin from eggs

Answer

Beta-lactoglobulin from milk

Question 4

Which characteristic of Crohn's disease inflammation most distinguishes it pathologically from ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Transmural (full-thickness) inflammation

Answer

Mucosal inflammation only

Answer

Submucosal involvement only

Answer

Serosal involvement only

Question 5

Crypt abscesses seen on histopathology are a hallmark finding most characteristic of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Microscopic colitis

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of peptic ulcers occur in the duodenum rather than the stomach?

Accepted Answer

75–80%

Answer

30–40%

Answer

50–60%

Answer

90–95%

Question 7

Helicobacter pylori preferentially colonizes which region of the stomach, disrupting gastrin regulation?

Accepted Answer

Antrum

Answer

Fundus

Answer

Body (corpus)

Answer

Cardia