SGNA Pathophysiology of GI Disorders 2

Question 1

Hyperplastic polyps of the colon are generally considered to carry which level of malignant potential?

Accepted Answer

Low or negligible malignant potential

Answer

Hyperplastic polyps are generally considered to have low or negligible malignant potential, unlike adenomatous polyps which are true precancerous lesions.

Question 2

What histological type accounts for approximately 95% of all colorectal cancers?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 95% of colorectal cancers, arising from the glandular epithelial cells that line the colon and rectum.

Question 3

In the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, which enzyme's premature intrapancreatic activation initiates the cascade of autodigestion?

Accepted Answer

Trypsin

Answer

Premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells is the key initiating event in acute pancreatitis, as trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes causing autodigestion.

Question 4

Charcot's triad, the classic presentation of acute cholangitis, consists of fever, jaundice, and which third finding?

Accepted Answer

Right upper quadrant pain

Answer

Charcot's triad consists of fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain, representing biliary obstruction with superimposed bacterial infection of the biliary system.

Question 5

In liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices develop as a direct consequence of which pathophysiological process?

Accepted Answer

Portosystemic collateral circulation formation

Answer

Portal hypertension from cirrhosis forces blood through portosystemic collateral channels, including submucosal esophageal veins, which become engorged, dilated, and susceptible to rupture.

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test

SGNA Pathophysiology of GI Disorders 2