SGNA Pathophysiology of GI Disorders 2

Question 1

Hyperplastic polyps of the colon are generally considered to carry which level of malignant potential?

Accepted Answer

Low or negligible malignant potential

Answer

High malignant potential similar to villous adenomas

Answer

Moderate malignant potential

Answer

Equal malignant potential to tubular adenomas

Question 2

What histological type accounts for approximately 95% of all colorectal cancers?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Carcinoid tumor

Answer

Signet ring cell carcinoma

Question 3

In the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, which enzyme's premature intrapancreatic activation initiates the cascade of autodigestion?

Accepted Answer

Trypsin

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Elastase

Question 4

Charcot's triad, the classic presentation of acute cholangitis, consists of fever, jaundice, and which third finding?

Accepted Answer

Right upper quadrant pain

Answer

Abdominal distension

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Clay-colored stools

Question 5

In liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices develop as a direct consequence of which pathophysiological process?

Accepted Answer

Portosystemic collateral circulation formation

Answer

Increased hepatic arterial inflow

Answer

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Answer

Hepatic vein thrombosis

Question 6

Hepatitis B virus is primarily transmitted through which routes?

Accepted Answer

Parenteral exposure, sexual contact, and perinatal transmission

Answer

Fecal-oral route and contaminated water

Answer

Airborne respiratory droplets

Answer

Insect vectors and contaminated food

Question 7

Esophageal varices most commonly develop in which location of the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Lower third of the esophagus

Answer

Upper third of the esophagus

Answer

Middle third of the esophagus

Answer

Throughout the esophagus equally