Pharm.D. Doctor of Pharmacy Doctor of Pharmacy General 4

Question 1

A patient on lithium develops polyuria and polydipsia. What condition should be suspected?

Accepted Answer

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer

Lithium interferes with ADH signaling in the collecting duct, causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Question 2

Which parameter determines the time required to reach steady-state plasma concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Half-life

Answer

Steady-state is reached after approximately 4–5 half-lives regardless of dose or dosing interval.

Question 3

What is the mechanism of resistance when bacteria produce beta-lactamases?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring

Answer

Beta-lactamases cleave the beta-lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporins, rendering them inactive.

Question 4

A patient taking SSRIs is prescribed tramadol for pain. What serious interaction should be anticipated?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin syndrome

Answer

Tramadol inhibits serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake; combined with SSRIs, it can precipitate serotonin syndrome.

Question 5

Which class of medications is associated with Steven-Johnson Syndrome as a rare but severe adverse reaction?

Accepted Answer

Aromatic antiepileptics like carbamazepine

Answer

Aromatic antiepileptics, especially carbamazepine, are strongly associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, particularly in HLA-B*1502 carriers.

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