Pharm.D. Doctor of Pharmacy Doctor of Pharmacy General 2

Question 1

A patient on warfarin starts taking fluconazole. What is the expected drug interaction?

Accepted Answer

Increased INR due to CYP2C9 inhibition

Answer

Fluconazole inhibits CYP2C9, reducing warfarin metabolism and increasing INR.

Question 2

Which pharmacokinetic parameter best describes the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged?

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Bioavailability (F) is the fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation in unchanged form.

Question 3

A patient with CrCl of 20 mL/min requires dose adjustment for which antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Vancomycin is primarily renally eliminated and requires dose adjustment in renal impairment.

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK activation

Answer

Metformin activates AMPK, primarily reducing hepatic glucose production through inhibition of gluconeogenesis.

Question 5

Which adverse effect is most associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Answer

Aminoglycosides accumulate in renal proximal tubule cells and cochlear hair cells, causing nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Pharm.D. Doctor of Pharmacy Practice Test