NYSTCE NYSTCE Biology (006) 2

Question 1

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells for growth; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells for reproduction

Answer

Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair; meiosis produces 4 genetically varied haploid cells for sexual reproduction.

Question 2

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative

Answer

Type O negative red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, so they can be transfused to any recipient without triggering an immune response.

Question 3

In Mendelian genetics, if two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed, what percentage of offspring will be short (tt)?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

A Tt × Tt cross yields a 3:1 ratio (TT, Tt, Tt, tt), so 25% of offspring will be homozygous recessive (tt) and short.

Question 4

Which part of the human brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Brain stem

Answer

The brain stem (medulla oblongata) controls involuntary vital functions including breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

Question 5

Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits one organism while the other is neither harmed nor helped?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Answer

Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, such as barnacles on a whale.

NYSTCE Practice Test

NYSTCE Practice Test

NYSTCE NYSTCE Biology (006) 2