NYSTCE NYSTCE Biology (006) 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
- Mitosis produces gametes; meiosis produces somatic cells
- Mitosis produces 4 haploid cells; meiosis produces 2 diploid cells
- Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells for growth; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells for reproduction (Correct answer)
- Both produce identical copies of the parent cell
Correct answer: Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells for growth; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells for reproduction
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair; meiosis produces 4 genetically varied haploid cells for sexual reproduction.
Question 2: Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?
- Type A
- Type B
- Type AB
- Type O negative (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Type O negative
Type O negative red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, so they can be transfused to any recipient without triggering an immune response.
Question 3: In Mendelian genetics, if two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed, what percentage of offspring will be short (tt)?
- 0%
- 25% (Correct answer)
- 50%
- 75%
Correct answer: 25%
A Tt × Tt cross yields a 3:1 ratio (TT, Tt, Tt, tt), so 25% of offspring will be homozygous recessive (tt) and short.
Question 4: Which part of the human brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain stem (Correct answer)
- Hippocampus
Correct answer: Brain stem
The brain stem (medulla oblongata) controls involuntary vital functions including breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Question 5: Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits one organism while the other is neither harmed nor helped?
- Mutualism
- Parasitism
- Commensalism (Correct answer)
- Competition
Correct answer: Commensalism
Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, such as barnacles on a whale.
Question 6: What does the term 'biodiversity' refer to in an ecological context?
- The number of individuals in a single species
- The variety of life forms including species, genes, and ecosystems in a region (Correct answer)
- The rate at which species evolve over time
- The total biomass of an ecosystem
Correct answer: The variety of life forms including species, genes, and ecosystems in a region
Biodiversity encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity within a given area.
NYSTCE NYSTCE Biology (006) 2
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?