Neuropathy Diabetic Neuropathy 2

Question 1

Which pathophysiological mechanism is central to hyperglycemia-induced nerve damage in diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Polyol pathway activation and oxidative stress

Answer

Excess glucose enters the polyol pathway, depleting NADPH and increasing oxidative stress, which damages axons and Schwann cells.

Question 2

Charcot neuroarthropathy (Charcot foot) is a catastrophic complication of diabetic neuropathy affecting which structure?

Accepted Answer

Joints and bones of the foot

Answer

Charcot neuroarthropathy causes progressive destruction of joints and bones of the foot due to loss of protective sensation.

Question 3

Which test is used to assess large fiber function in diabetic neuropathy screening?

Accepted Answer

10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test

Answer

The 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament detects loss of protective sensation by assessing large myelinated fiber function.

Question 4

Which organ is primarily responsible for producing advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that contribute to diabetic neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Throughout the body in hyperglycemic states

Answer

AGEs form throughout the body when chronic hyperglycemia causes glucose to bond non-enzymatically to proteins and lipids, damaging nerves.

Question 5

Duloxetine is FDA-approved for painful diabetic neuropathy and works primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibition

Answer

Duloxetine inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, enhancing descending pain inhibitory pathways.

Neuropathy Practice Test