NAVLE Small Animal Diagnostic Imaging 2

Question 1

On thoracic radiographs of a dog, which cardiac silhouette finding is most consistent with left atrial enlargement?

Accepted Answer

Elevation of the trachea at the carina

Answer

Left atrial enlargement causes dorsal displacement and elevation of the trachea at the carina (mainstem bronchi splaying) on lateral radiographs.

Question 2

Which ultrasound artifact appears as hyperechoic lines parallel to a curved reflective surface, such as the near wall of a cystic structure?

Accepted Answer

Reverberation

Answer

Reverberation artifacts appear as repeating hyperechoic lines at regular intervals deep to a highly reflective surface due to the sound beam bouncing back and forth.

Question 3

A cat presents with pleural effusion. On thoracic radiographs, which finding best differentiates pleural effusion from pulmonary consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Retraction of lung lobes from the thoracic wall

Answer

Pleural effusion causes lung lobes to retract away from the thoracic wall, whereas consolidated lung lobes remain in contact with the chest wall.

Question 4

On abdominal radiographs, a 'string of pearls' gas pattern within the bowel wall is most suggestive of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pneumatosis intestinalis

Answer

Pneumatosis intestinalis (gas within the intestinal wall) produces a 'string of pearls' or bubbly gas pattern and is associated with intestinal necrosis or ischemia.

Question 5

When performing musculoskeletal ultrasound in a dog, a tendon appears hyperechoic with a fibrillar pattern when the beam is perpendicular, but becomes hypoechoic when the transducer is angled. This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

Anisotropy

Answer

Anisotropy is the property of tendons and ligaments whereby echogenicity changes dramatically with beam angle relative to fiber orientation.

NAVLE - North American Veterinary Licensing Examination Practice Test

NAVLE - North American Veterinary Licensing Examination Practice Test

NAVLE Small Animal Diagnostic Imaging 2