NAVLE Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield NAVLE facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Air sac mites (Sternostoma tracheacolum) most commonly cause respiratory disease in which group of birds? → Canaries and finches
2. Which of the following organisms is most frequently present in feline pyometra? → Escherichia coli
3. Which antifungal drug is currently the first-line treatment for aspergillosis in birds? → Voriconazole
4. Which of the following findings on an ACTH stimulation test is most consistent with a diagnosis of typical hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) in a dog? → Low baseline cortisol with a minimal to no response post-ACTH
5. Which inhalant anesthetic is associated with the GREATEST cardiovascular depression and sensitization of the myocardium to catecholamine-induced arrhythmias? → Halothane
6. Which of the following conditions or interventions would DECREASE MAC (reduce the anesthetic requirement) of an inhalant agent? → Opioid premedication
7. A pet cockatiel presents with nasal discharge, sneezing, and conjunctivitis. Which organism is the most likely causative agent? → Chlamydia psittaci
8. Which drug is the specific reversal agent for alpha-2 adrenergic agonist sedation (e.g., medetomidine, dexmedetomidine) in veterinary patients? → Atipamezole
9. Which of the following causes of exophthalmos in cattle occurs most frequently? → Retrobulbar lymphosarcoma
10. Insulinoma in ferrets is a tumor of which cell type, and what is its primary clinical consequence? → Pancreatic beta cells, causing hypoglycemia
11. Which of the following reproductive strategies describes the boa constrictor? → Ovoviviparous — retains eggs internally and gives birth to live young
12. Among the currently used inhalant anesthetics, which has the LOWEST blood:gas partition coefficient, resulting in the fastest induction and recovery? → Desflurane
13. What type of virus is FIP? → Coronavirus
14. A cat anesthetized with isoflurane develops bradycardia (HR 70 bpm). What is the MOST appropriate first step before administering any drug? → Lighten anesthetic depth and reassess all parameters
15. A dog undergoes hindlimb amputation. Which regional anesthetic technique would provide the MOST comprehensive perioperative analgesia for this procedure? → Lumbosacral epidural with morphine and lidocaine
16. In avian anatomy, the proventriculus is best described as which of the following? → The glandular stomach that secretes HCl and pepsin
17. Among commonly used local anesthetics in veterinary medicine, which agent provides the LONGEST duration of nerve block? → Bupivacaine
18. Metabolic bone disease (MBD) in captive reptiles is most commonly caused by which combination of factors? → Calcium/phosphorus imbalance and UV-B light deficiency
19. Which anatomical site is preferred for intramuscular injections in birds? → Pectoral muscle
20. In llamas, the most typical source of bony facial tumors is → Tooth root abscess
21. NSAIDs reduce pain and inflammation primarily by inhibiting which enzyme, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis? → Cyclooxygenase (COX)
22. FIP has no known treatment. → True
23. What is the most typical cause of dystocia and egg binding in caged birds? → Hypocalcemia
24. Which preanesthetic agent has the LEAST cardiovascular depression and is therefore most appropriate in critically ill or hemodynamically unstable patients? → Midazolam
25. Which of the following is a primary therapeutic goal in the management of a dog with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proteinuria? → Controlling systemic hypertension and reducing phosphorus intake
26. In a spayed female ferret presenting with vulvar swelling, which disease is the most likely diagnosis? → Adrenal gland disease
27. A dog under isoflurane anesthesia has an end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) reading of 62 mmHg. What does this finding indicate? → Hypoventilation with CO2 retention
28. Would you ever administer antibiotics to a cat with FIP? → Yes
29. Rabbits are obligate nasal breathers. Which anatomical feature is responsible for this characteristic? → The epiglottis is permanently engaged with the soft palate
30. Both FIP types are fatal and progressive. → True