NAVLE Canine Medicine and Surgery 4

Question 1

A 3-year-old intact female Cocker Spaniel is presented with a fever, mucopurulent vaginal discharge, PU/PD, and leukocytosis. Abdominal ultrasound confirms uterine distension. What is the definitive treatment?

Accepted Answer

Ovariohysterectomy

Answer

Ovariohysterectomy is the definitive and safest treatment for pyometra, removing the source of infection and preventing recurrence.

Question 2

A dog presents with acute epistaxis, petechiae on the gums, and prolonged bleeding after venipuncture. CBC reveals a platelet count of 8,000/μL. Coagulation times (PT and aPTT) are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT)

Answer

IMT presents with severely low platelets causing mucosal bleeding and petechiae while PT and aPTT remain normal because coagulation factor function is intact.

Question 3

A 1-year-old male intact German Shepherd presents with bilateral cryptorchidism. The owner wants the dog neutered. Which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Both retained and descended testicles must be removed

Answer

Retained testicles have a 13-14 times higher risk of developing Sertoli cell tumors and testicular torsion, so both must be removed during neutering.

Question 4

A 4-year-old Border Collie presents with episodic muscle tremors, hypersalivation, and mydriasis after being on a rural property. Organophosphate toxicosis is suspected. What is the mechanism and antidote?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition; atropine and pralidoxime

Answer

Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase causing acetylcholine accumulation; atropine blocks muscarinic effects while pralidoxime reactivates the enzyme if given early.

Question 5

On thoracic auscultation of an 8-year-old Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, you hear a grade IV/VI left apical systolic heart murmur. Echocardiography shows myxomatous mitral valve disease with moderate left atrial enlargement (LA:Ao ratio 1.7). Which ACVIM staging is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Stage B2

Answer

Stage B2 MMVD is defined by cardiac remodeling (LA:Ao ≥1.6 or normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole >1.7) without clinical signs of heart failure.

NAVLE - North American Veterinary Licensing Examination Practice Test

NAVLE - North American Veterinary Licensing Examination Practice Test

NAVLE Canine Medicine and Surgery 4