NAVLE Canine Medicine and Surgery 2

Question 1

A 7-year-old male intact Golden Retriever presents with a firm, painless swelling at the base of the tail. Cytology reveals sheets of round cells with prominent nucleoli and vacuolated cytoplasm. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Anal sac adenocarcinoma

Answer

Anal sac adenocarcinoma presents as a firm mass in the anal sac region and cytology shows epithelial cells with malignant features; it is not hormone-dependent unlike perianal adenomas.

Question 2

A dog is presented with acute onset of non-ambulatory tetraparesis following a traumatic event. Spinal radiographs reveal atlantoaxial subluxation. What is the definitive treatment of choice?

Accepted Answer

Surgical stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint

Answer

Surgical stabilization via ventral fixation or dorsal wiring provides definitive correction of atlantoaxial subluxation, which otherwise risks life-threatening spinal cord compression.

Question 3

Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) in dogs?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

Answer

Lack of mineralocorticoids in Addison's disease leads to sodium wasting and potassium retention, producing hyponatremia and hyperkalemia with a Na:K ratio below 27.

Question 4

A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever undergoes a routine CBC and is found to have a hematocrit of 20%, reticulocytosis, and spherocytes on blood smear. The Coombs test is positive. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppressive doses of prednisone

Answer

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia is treated primarily with immunosuppressive corticosteroids such as prednisone to halt antibody-mediated red cell destruction.

Question 5

A 9-year-old spayed female Boxer is presented with episodic weakness, syncope, and a heart rate of 40 bpm. ECG reveals a P wave with no associated QRS complex occurring at irregular intervals. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree (complete) AV block

Answer

Third-degree AV block is characterized by complete dissociation of P waves and QRS complexes with a slow escape rhythm, causing bradycardia and syncope.

NAVLE - North American Veterinary Licensing Examination Practice Test

NAVLE - North American Veterinary Licensing Examination Practice Test

NAVLE Canine Medicine and Surgery 2