Milady Cosmetology Study Guide 2026

A metal pusher is designed to gently push back the eponychium, but if used incorrectly or with too much force, it can damage the nail matrix. The matrix is located under the eponychium and is responsible for producing the cells that form the nail plate. Damage to the matrix can result in permanent nail deformities.

On-base placement involves wrapping the hair at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, positioning the rod directly on its base. This technique creates the most volume but also puts the most tension and stress on the hair, which can lead to breakage.

Toenails should be filed straight across, with the corners slightly rounded. Filing them too short or into a pointed or deeply rounded shape can cause the nail to grow into the surrounding skin, leading to a painful condition known as an ingrown toenail (onychocryptosis).

Polymerization is the process in which monomers link together to form long chains called polymers. In the salon, this chemical reaction is what causes the nail product to harden. This hardening process is commonly referred to as curing.

The primary colors are fundamental colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors. All other colors on the color wheel are derived from these three hues.

The effectiveness of an EPA-registered disinfectant depends on following the manufacturer's instructions precisely, including the correct dilution ratio and contact time. Submerging tools for the specified duration ensures that the disinfectant has enough time to kill the target microorganisms, providing adequate protection against infection.