Principles of Chemistry Flashcards
6 cards from real Milady Cosmetology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Principles of Chemistry flashcards as text
What is the simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity?
Answer: Element
An element is the basic building block of all matter and cannot be chemically broken down. Atoms are the particles from which all matter is composed, but an element is the simplest form of that chemical matter. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are joined together chemically.
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances is a(n):
Answer: Solution
A solution is a stable mixture where the solute is dissolved in a solvent and will not separate over time. Suspensions contain larger, undissolved particles that can separate. Emulsions are mixtures of immiscible substances held together by a binder.
What is the term for a substance that allows oil and water to mix, or emulsify?
Answer: Surfactant
A surfactant is a molecule that has a water-loving (hydrophilic) head and an oil-loving (lipophilic) tail. This unique structure allows it to act as a bridge between oil and water, creating a stable emulsion. This is the principle behind soaps and detergents.
On the pH scale, a reading of 8 indicates that a solution is:
Answer: Alkaline
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Any substance with a pH below 7 is considered acidic, while any substance with a pH above 7 is considered alkaline (or basic). Therefore, a pH of 8 is slightly alkaline.
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is known as:
Answer: Oxidation
Oxidation is a chemical process that involves the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state, often by combining with oxygen. Rusting iron is a common example of oxidation. Reduction is the opposite process, involving the gain of electrons.
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
Answer: Ice melting to water
A physical change alters the form of a substance but does not change its chemical identity. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid, but it is still chemically water (H2O). The other options involve chemical reactions that create new substances.