Short-acting regular insulin, such as Novolin R or Humulin R, is commonly used to treat hyperglycemia post-cardiac transplantation.
Based on the symptoms described (stridor, intermittent hypoxemia, and resolution of symptoms with coughing up sputum), the most likely diagnosis in a lung recipient would be tracheobronchial stenosis.
Following heart transplantation, a decrease in central venous pressure (CVP) may be related to low intravascular volume. Central venous pressure is the pressure within the right atrium and is often used as an indirect measure of the filling pressure of the heart.
In end-stage liver disease and uremia, the metabolic abnormality that is commonly observed is metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis refers to a condition where there is an accumulation of acid in the body or a decrease in the bicarbonate levels, leading to an imbalance in the body's acid-base status.
In liver disease, the liver's ability to metabolize and excrete acids and produce bicarbonate is compromised. This can result in the accumulation of acidic substances in the body, leading to metabolic acidosis.
In uremia, which is the condition of having high levels of urea and other waste products in the blood due to kidney dysfunction, metabolic acidosis can occur due to impaired acid excretion by the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance by excreting acids and regulating bicarbonate levels. When the kidneys are unable to perform these functions effectively, metabolic acidosis can develop.
The average length of stay in the hospital for a kidney transplant patient can vary depending on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the complexity of the surgery, and any post-operative complications. However, a typical range for the length of stay is generally around 7 to 10 days.
In a kidney recipient presenting with high fever, pain at the surgical site, leukocytosis, renal allograft dysfunction, and urinary sediment, the indicated diagnostic test would be a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture.
The age group that is commonly considered to be at higher risk for non-compliance with pre-cardiac transplantation and post-cardiac transplantation medical regimens and care is the adolescent and young adult age group, typically ranging from 18 to 25 years old.
