CCTN Transplant Complications and Clinical Management

Question 1

A kidney transplant patient presents with fever, graft tenderness, and rising serum creatinine 10 days post-transplant. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute cellular rejection

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Cyclosporine toxicity

Answer

Renal artery stenosis

Question 2

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is most strongly associated with which viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Answer

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer

BK polyomavirus

Answer

Hepatitis C virus

Question 3

BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients is managed primarily by which intervention?

Accepted Answer

Reducing immunosuppression to allow immune control of the virus

Answer

Increasing immunosuppression to control viral replication

Answer

Administering antiviral therapy with acyclovir

Answer

Performing emergent nephrectomy of the graft

Question 4

Which complication is indicated by a sudden cessation of urine output, graft pain, and hematuria in an early post-kidney-transplant patient?

Accepted Answer

Renal vein thrombosis

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Lymphocele

Question 5

What is the recommended prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in solid organ transplant recipients?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Voriconazole

Question 6

A transplant patient on tacrolimus and TMP-SMX develops hyperkalemia. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Combined effect of tacrolimus and TMP-SMX on renal potassium excretion

Answer

Tacrolimus-induced hyperaldosteronism

Answer

Dietary potassium excess alone

Answer

Addison's disease triggered by immunosuppression