Free Certified Clinical Transplant Nurse MCQ Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Many facilities use enzyme immunoassay for HIV testing. Which of the following techniques confirms ambiguous or positive results?
- Western Blot (Correct answer)
- Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Flow cytometry
- Complement dependent cytotoxic assay
Correct answer: Western Blot
The enzyme immunoassay (EIA or ELISA) is a screening test for HIV. If the EIA yields a positive or ambiguous result, a more specific and confirmatory test is required to definitively diagnose HIV infection. The Western Blot is considered the gold standard confirmatory test, as it detects specific HIV antibodies with high accuracy.
Question 2: The majority of patients will have an intradermal skin examination for TB. However, some people could be anergic because of their severe conditions. In such circumstances, the patient will get control. The two kin test controls that are most often utilized are:
- Mumps and BCG
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1)
- Measles and influenza
- Candida and mumps (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Candida and mumps
In patients suspected of anergy (inability to mount an immune response), control skin tests are administered to confirm their immune status. Candida and mumps antigens are commonly used as controls because most individuals have been exposed to these pathogens and would typically show a positive skin reaction if their immune system is functional. A negative reaction to these controls indicates anergy.
Question 3: Which of the following is a goal of patient evaluation for solid organ transplantation?
- All of the above (Correct answer)
- To determine if there are other options for managing the current disease
- To evaluate the patient's ability to comply with long-term posttransplant follow up requirements
- To determine if there are comorbidities that would contraindicate transplantation
Correct answer: All of the above
Patient evaluation for solid organ transplantation is a comprehensive process that addresses multiple critical aspects. It aims to determine if alternative treatments exist, assess the patient's ability to adhere to complex post-transplant regimens, and identify any comorbidities that could contraindicate transplantation or compromise its success. All these factors are crucial for successful transplant outcomes.
Question 4: Chest tube drainage shouldn't go over a certain amount while assessing postoperative mediastinal hemorrhage.
- 500 mL in 4 hours
- 200 mL in 2 to 6 hours (Correct answer)
- 300 mL in 1 to 3 hours
- 400 mL in 6 hours
Correct answer: 200 mL in 2 to 6 hours
Postoperative mediastinal hemorrhage is a serious complication following cardiac surgery. While specific thresholds can vary, chest tube drainage exceeding 200 mL in 2 to 6 hours, or 100 mL/hour for several consecutive hours, is generally considered a significant amount that warrants immediate assessment and potential intervention to prevent further complications.
Question 5: There are several signs of decreased cardiac output in heart recipients.
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Decreased BUN and serum creatinine
- Hypertension
- Jugular venousdistention (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Jugular venousdistention
Jugular venous distention (JVD) is a clinical sign indicating increased central venous pressure, which can be a manifestation of fluid overload or right-sided heart failure. In heart transplant recipients, decreased cardiac output can lead to fluid backup and elevated venous pressures, making JVD a key indicator of this complication.
Question 6: A parasite that most frequently spreads from animals to people through contact with infected animal feces. More frequent in the heart since it occurs in the cardiac muscle. Van imitates heart rejection.
- Toxoplasmosis (Correct answer)
- Cytomegalovirus
- Corticosteroids
- Lyme Disease
Correct answer: Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite *Toxoplasma gondii*, is often transmitted through contact with infected animal feces. In immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients, it can cause myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). The symptoms of toxoplasmosis-induced myocarditis can mimic those of heart rejection, making accurate diagnosis challenging but critical for appropriate treatment.
Question 7: Leukocyte reduction in place of plasma removal. employed to reject.
- Plasmapheresis (Correct answer)
- Blood transfusion
- Hemolysis
- Electrophoresis
Correct answer: Plasmapheresis
Plasmapheresis is a medical procedure that involves removing blood plasma from the body, often to remove harmful substances or components. While its primary goal is plasma removal, leukocyte reduction (removing white blood cells) can be a related or complementary process in blood component therapy or preparation. The question implies a procedure where components are removed to 'reject' something, aligning with the concept of removing specific blood elements.
Free Certified Clinical Transplant Nurse MCQ Questions and Answers
Many facilities use enzyme immunoassay for HIV testing.
Which of the following techniques confirms ambiguous or positive results?