Fitness Lessons Exercise Physiology Basics 2

Question 1

What is the role of mitochondria in muscle cells during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Produce ATP through aerobic metabolism

Answer

Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation using oxygen and fuel substrates during aerobic exercise.

Question 2

Which physiological adaptation occurs with regular endurance training?

Accepted Answer

Increased stroke volume of the heart

Answer

Endurance training increases stroke volume, allowing the heart to pump more blood per beat at rest and during exercise.

Question 3

What is excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?

Accepted Answer

Elevated oxygen consumption after exercise to restore the body to baseline

Answer

EPOC refers to the elevated rate of oxygen intake after strenuous activity to restore physiological factors disturbed during exercise.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Testosterone is a key anabolic hormone that promotes muscle protein synthesis following resistance training.

Question 5

What does the term 'motor unit' refer to?

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Answer

A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, working together to produce force.

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