Fitness Lessons Exercise Physiology Basics 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the role of mitochondria in muscle cells during exercise?
- Produce ATP through aerobic metabolism (Correct answer)
- Store glycogen for energy
- Release calcium for muscle contraction
- Synthesize muscle proteins
Correct answer: Produce ATP through aerobic metabolism
Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation using oxygen and fuel substrates during aerobic exercise.
Question 2: Which physiological adaptation occurs with regular endurance training?
- Increased stroke volume of the heart (Correct answer)
- Decreased capillary density
- Reduced mitochondrial density
- Lower VO2 max
Correct answer: Increased stroke volume of the heart
Endurance training increases stroke volume, allowing the heart to pump more blood per beat at rest and during exercise.
Question 3: What is excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?
- Elevated oxygen consumption after exercise to restore the body to baseline (Correct answer)
- The extra oxygen inhaled during warm-up
- Oxygen debt built up before exercise
- Reduced oxygen use during cool-down
Correct answer: Elevated oxygen consumption after exercise to restore the body to baseline
EPOC refers to the elevated rate of oxygen intake after strenuous activity to restore physiological factors disturbed during exercise.
Question 4: Which hormone is primarily responsible for muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise?
- Testosterone (Correct answer)
- Cortisol
- Insulin
- Glucagon
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone is a key anabolic hormone that promotes muscle protein synthesis following resistance training.
Question 5: What does the term 'motor unit' refer to?
- A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates (Correct answer)
- A single muscle fiber
- The neuromuscular junction only
- A group of synergistic muscles
Correct answer: A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, working together to produce force.
Question 6: What is the primary fuel source during low-intensity, long-duration exercise?
- Fat (lipids) (Correct answer)
- Carbohydrates (glycogen)
- Protein (amino acids)
- Creatine phosphate
Correct answer: Fat (lipids)
At low intensities, the aerobic system predominantly oxidizes fat as the primary energy source.
Fitness Lessons Exercise Physiology Basics 2
What is the role of mitochondria in muscle cells during exercise?