Endocrine Weight Loss Sex Hormones and Body Composition

Question 1

Estrogen primarily promotes fat storage in which body region in premenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous gluteal-femoral region

Answer

Estrogen directs fat storage to subcutaneous gluteal-femoral (hip and thigh) depots, creating a gynoid fat distribution pattern in premenopausal women.

Question 2

Which effect does testosterone have on body composition in both men and women?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates muscle protein synthesis and lean mass

Answer

Testosterone is an anabolic hormone that stimulates muscle protein synthesis, increasing lean body mass and contributing to higher resting metabolic rate.

Question 3

During menopause, the decline in estrogen most commonly leads to a shift toward which type of fat distribution?

Accepted Answer

Androgenic (apple-shaped) visceral fat distribution

Answer

The decline in estrogen at menopause removes its protective effect against visceral fat accumulation, shifting distribution toward the androgenic (apple-shaped) central pattern.

Question 4

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) levels in the body peak around what age and then progressively decline?

Accepted Answer

Age 20–30

Answer

DHEA and DHEAS levels peak in the mid-twenties (roughly age 20–30) and then decline steadily by approximately 2% per year, contributing to age-related changes in body composition.

Question 5

How does estrogen influence insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen enhances insulin sensitivity, protecting against type 2 diabetes

Answer

Estrogen enhances insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms including upregulating GLUT4 transporters and reducing hepatic glucose production, offering metabolic protection in premenopausal women.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Sex Hormones and Body Composition