Endocrine Weight Loss Sex Hormones and Body Composition

Question 1

Estrogen primarily promotes fat storage in which body region in premenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous gluteal-femoral region

Answer

Visceral (abdominal) region

Answer

Intramuscular depots

Answer

Hepatic tissue

Question 2

Which effect does testosterone have on body composition in both men and women?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates muscle protein synthesis and lean mass

Answer

Increases total body fat percentage

Answer

Promotes visceral fat accumulation

Answer

Reduces basal metabolic rate

Question 3

During menopause, the decline in estrogen most commonly leads to a shift toward which type of fat distribution?

Accepted Answer

Androgenic (apple-shaped) visceral fat distribution

Answer

Gynoid (pear-shaped) fat distribution

Answer

Increased subcutaneous thigh fat

Answer

Decreased overall adiposity

Question 4

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) levels in the body peak around what age and then progressively decline?

Accepted Answer

Age 20–30

Answer

Age 10–15

Answer

Age 40–50

Answer

Age 60–70

Question 5

How does estrogen influence insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen enhances insulin sensitivity, protecting against type 2 diabetes

Answer

Estrogen worsens insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake

Answer

Estrogen has no effect on insulin sensitivity

Answer

Estrogen causes hyperinsulinemia

Question 6

A 45-year-old man presents with decreased libido, fatigue, increased body fat, and reduced muscle mass. Lab work shows low total testosterone. This cluster of symptoms is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency)

Answer

Primary hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperprolactinemia

Question 7

Progesterone's effect on weight is most commonly related to:

Accepted Answer

Promoting fluid retention and appetite stimulation

Answer

Directly increasing fat cell size through lipolysis inhibition

Answer

Reducing cortisol levels and decreasing stress eating

Answer

Increasing metabolic rate and fat oxidation