Endocrine Weight Loss Hormones and Appetite Regulation

Question 1

Which hormone, primarily secreted by the stomach, is known as the 'hunger hormone' because it rises before meals?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Answer

Leptin

Answer

Peptide YY

Answer

Glucagon-like peptide-1

Question 2

Leptin exerts its primary anti-obesity effect by acting on receptors in which brain region?

Accepted Answer

Arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Nucleus accumbens

Question 3

A morbidly obese patient has very high circulating leptin levels yet continues to overeat. This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

Leptin resistance

Answer

Leptin deficiency

Answer

Hyperleptinemia syndrome

Answer

Ghrelin dominance

Question 4

Peptide YY (PYY) is released by L-cells in the distal gut in response to food intake and primarily acts to:

Accepted Answer

Inhibit appetite and slow gastric emptying

Answer

Stimulate appetite and increase gastric motility

Answer

Stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells

Answer

Increase glucagon release from alpha cells

Question 5

Which neuropeptides in the arcuate nucleus are classified as orexigenic (appetite-stimulating)?

Accepted Answer

NPY and AgRP

Answer

POMC and CART

Answer

Alpha-MSH and BDNF

Answer

CRH and TRH

Question 6

GLP-1 receptor agonists used for weight loss (e.g., semaglutide) promote satiety primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Activating GLP-1 receptors in the hypothalamus and delaying gastric emptying

Answer

Blocking ghrelin receptors in the stomach

Answer

Inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer

Blocking cannabinoid CB1 receptors