Endocrine Weight Loss Insulin Resistance and Weight Management

Question 1

Which tissue is the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the postprandial state?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Liver

Answer

Brain

Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 2

Visceral adiposity promotes insulin resistance primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Elevated release of free fatty acids and pro-inflammatory cytokines into portal circulation

Answer

Increased adiponectin secretion

Answer

Decreased cortisol receptor sensitivity

Answer

Enhanced GLUT4 expression in muscle

Question 3

The HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is calculated using:

Accepted Answer

Fasting glucose × fasting insulin ÷ 22.5

Answer

Post-load glucose × HbA1c ÷ 10

Answer

Fasting C-peptide × BMI ÷ 25

Answer

2-hour glucose × fasting insulin ÷ 405

Question 4

Which dyslipidemia pattern is most characteristically associated with insulin resistance?

Accepted Answer

Low HDL, elevated triglycerides, and small dense LDL particles

Answer

Elevated HDL, elevated LDL, normal triglycerides

Answer

Isolated elevated LDL with normal triglycerides

Answer

Elevated HDL, low LDL, normal triglycerides

Question 5

Metformin promotes weight-neutral or mild weight loss in insulin-resistant patients primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Reducing hepatic glucose output and improving insulin sensitivity without hypoglycemia

Answer

Stimulating leptin secretion from adipocytes

Answer

Blocking intestinal fat absorption via lipase inhibition

Answer

Increasing brown adipose thermogenesis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the 'carbohydrate-insulin model' of obesity?

Accepted Answer

High glycemic carbohydrates raise insulin, which promotes fat storage and reduces fat availability for fuel

Answer

Dietary fat is the primary driver of obesity regardless of carbohydrate intake

Answer

Protein intake directly determines insulin secretion and fat mass

Answer

Calories from all macronutrients are equally fattening irrespective of hormonal response