Endocrine Weight Loss Endocrine Pathology 2

Question 1

A patient with Cushing's syndrome typically gains weight primarily in which distribution pattern?

Accepted Answer

Central (truncal and visceral)

Answer

Cushing's syndrome causes excess cortisol, which preferentially promotes central/visceral fat accumulation, buffalo hump, and moon face.

Question 2

Which thyroid condition is MOST commonly associated with significant unexplained weight gain?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism slows metabolism due to insufficient thyroid hormone, leading to weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance.

Question 3

A 45-year-old woman presents with weight gain, hypertension, and a serum cortisol that fails to suppress after an overnight low-dose dexamethasone test. The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Failure to suppress cortisol after the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the hallmark finding of Cushing's syndrome.

Question 4

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) promotes weight gain primarily through which pathophysiological mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance promoting fat storage and increased appetite

Answer

PCOS is strongly linked to insulin resistance, which drives hyperinsulinemia, fat deposition (especially visceral), and increased appetite.

Question 5

Which hormone produced by adipose tissue signals satiety to the hypothalamus and is often deficient or resistant in obesity?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Answer

Leptin is produced by fat cells and signals fullness to the hypothalamus; obese individuals often develop leptin resistance despite high levels.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Endocrine Pathology 2