Endocrine Weight Loss Endocrine Disorders 5

Question 1

Which surgical weight-loss procedure most dramatically alters gut hormone profiles (GLP-1, PYY) to reduce appetite beyond mechanical restriction?

Accepted Answer

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Answer

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass produces the most pronounced post-meal GLP-1 and PYY surges, substantially reducing appetite through neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Question 2

A woman with PCOS, obesity, and insulin resistance is started on metformin. What is metformin's primary mechanism benefiting PCOS?

Accepted Answer

Reduces insulin levels by improving insulin sensitivity, lowering androgen excess

Answer

Metformin improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, reducing hyperinsulinemia, which in turn lowers ovarian androgen production in PCOS.

Question 3

Which condition is associated with acanthosis nigricans (dark velvety skin in body folds) and strongly signals underlying insulin resistance?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia

Answer

Acanthosis nigricans is caused by insulin stimulating keratinocyte proliferation via IGF-1 receptors, making it a cutaneous marker of insulin resistance.

Question 4

In which clinical scenario would measuring serum IGF-1 be most diagnostically relevant for evaluating weight and body composition changes?

Accepted Answer

Suspected acromegaly or growth hormone deficiency

Answer

IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) is the primary screening test for both acromegaly (excess GH) and adult GH deficiency, which affect body composition.

Question 5

Which mechanism explains why patients with hypothyroidism often retain fluid and gain weight even before significant fat accumulation occurs?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans causing myxedematous fluid retention

Answer

Hypothyroidism leads to accumulation of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans in interstitial tissues, causing the characteristic non-pitting myxedema and water weight gain.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Endocrine Disorders 5