Endocrine Weight Loss Endocrine Disorders 4

Question 1

Which peptide hormone secreted by L-cells of the gut inhibits glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Answer

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin release, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and signals fullness to the brain.

Question 2

A patient with obesity has elevated fasting insulin but normal fasting glucose. This pattern most likely indicates:

Accepted Answer

Compensated insulin resistance (prediabetes risk)

Answer

Elevated fasting insulin with normal glucose reflects compensated insulin resistance, where the pancreas over-secretes insulin to maintain euglycemia.

Question 3

Which thyroid condition causes weight loss, heat intolerance, tremor, and tachycardia due to excess thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

Answer

Hyperthyroidism causes excess T3/T4, elevating basal metabolic rate and producing weight loss, heat intolerance, sweating, tremor, and palpitations.

Question 4

Which genetic syndrome causing obesity is characterized by hyperphagia, hypogonadism, short stature, and intellectual disability due to a chromosome 15 defect?

Accepted Answer

Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer

Prader-Willi syndrome results from loss of paternal chromosome 15q11-13 genes, causing extreme hyperphagia and severe obesity starting in childhood.

Question 5

The dexamethasone suppression test is used to screen for which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

In the overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, failure to suppress morning cortisol below 1.8 mcg/dL suggests Cushing's syndrome.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Endocrine Disorders 4