Endocrine Weight Loss Metabolic Rate and Energy Balance

Question 1

Which component accounts for the largest portion of total daily energy expenditure in most adults?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate

Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) typically accounts for 60–75% of total daily energy expenditure in sedentary adults.

Question 2

Which hormone primarily regulates basal metabolic rate by controlling cellular oxygen consumption?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are the principal regulators of basal metabolic rate by increasing cellular oxygen consumption and heat production.

Question 3

What term describes the increase in metabolic rate that occurs after eating a meal?

Accepted Answer

Thermic effect of food

Answer

The thermic effect of food (diet-induced thermogenesis) is the increase in energy expenditure above basal levels following food ingestion.

Question 4

A patient on a prolonged calorie-restricted diet experiences a drop in metabolic rate beyond what is expected from lean mass loss. This is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Adaptive thermogenesis

Answer

Adaptive thermogenesis is the disproportionate reduction in metabolic rate that occurs during caloric restriction, partly driven by falling leptin and thyroid hormone levels.

Question 5

Which of the following best estimates resting energy expenditure in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

Harris-Benedict equation

Answer

The Harris-Benedict equation is commonly used clinically to estimate resting energy expenditure from height, weight, age, and sex.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Metabolic Rate and Energy Balance