Endocrine Weight Loss Insulin Resistance and Weight Management 2

Question 1

Which physical activity type most effectively improves insulin sensitivity per session?

Accepted Answer

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Answer

HIIT has been shown to rapidly improve insulin sensitivity, increase GLUT4 expression in muscle, and reduce visceral fat more efficiently per unit time than moderate continuous exercise.

Question 2

A fasting glucose of 105 mg/dL and 2-hour post-load glucose of 155 mg/dL on an OGTT would classify a patient as:

Accepted Answer

Impaired fasting glucose with impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes)

Answer

Impaired fasting glucose is 100–125 mg/dL; impaired glucose tolerance is a 2-hour OGTT value of 140–199 mg/dL; together they indicate prediabetes.

Question 3

Excess ectopic fat deposition in the liver (hepatic steatosis) promotes insulin resistance by:

Accepted Answer

Generating diacylglycerol that activates PKC and impairs insulin receptor substrate signaling

Answer

Hepatic fat accumulation generates lipid metabolites (diacylglycerol, ceramides) that activate protein kinase C, which serine-phosphorylates IRS-1 and blunts insulin signaling.

Question 4

GLP-1 receptor agonists improve insulin resistance in obesity through all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Directly stimulating insulin secretion in a glucose-independent manner

Answer

GLP-1 receptor agonists stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner (only when glucose is elevated), not in a glucose-independent manner, which minimizes hypoglycemia risk.

Question 5

Which dietary intervention has the strongest evidence for reducing hepatic fat and improving insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet or low-carbohydrate diet

Answer

Both Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate dietary patterns have robust evidence for reducing hepatic steatosis, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Insulin Resistance and Weight Management 2