Endocrine Weight Loss Hormones and Appetite Regulation 2

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter pathway is targeted by phentermine/topiramate ER to suppress appetite?

Accepted Answer

Sympathomimetic norepinephrine release and GABA enhancement

Answer

Phentermine releases norepinephrine (sympathomimetic effect) to suppress appetite while topiramate enhances GABA activity and inhibits glutamate receptors, together reducing food intake.

Question 2

The melanocortin system's role in weight regulation involves alpha-MSH binding to which receptor to suppress appetite?

Accepted Answer

MC4R

Answer

Alpha-MSH (a POMC-derived peptide) binds to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure.

Question 3

Cholecystokinin (CCK) contributes to meal termination by:

Accepted Answer

Activating vagal afferents that signal satiety to the brainstem

Answer

CCK released from duodenal I-cells activates vagal nerve afferents that transmit satiety signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the brainstem.

Question 4

Sleep deprivation promotes weight gain primarily by affecting which two hormones?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing leptin and increasing ghrelin

Answer

Sleep deprivation lowers leptin (reducing satiety signals) and raises ghrelin (increasing hunger), creating a hormonal environment that promotes overeating.

Question 5

Oxytocin's emerging role in appetite regulation involves:

Accepted Answer

Acting as an anorexigenic signal reducing meal size

Answer

Oxytocin acts on neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem as an anorexigenic peptide, reducing meal size and food reward; it is being explored as an obesity treatment.

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Practice Test

Endocrine Weight Loss Hormones and Appetite Regulation 2