CLEP Biology Vertebrate Organ Systems 2

Question 1

Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the initial filtration of blood?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

The glomerulus is a capillary network in the Bowman's capsule where blood is filtered under pressure.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the electrical impulse that sets heart rate

Answer

The SA node, located in the right atrium, generates the electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat.

Question 3

In the vertebrate digestive system, where does most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

The small intestine is the primary site of enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption, aided by villi and microvilli.

Question 4

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is secreted by the adrenal medulla and triggers the fight-or-flight response.

Question 5

What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle lines blood vessel walls and controls vessel diameter through involuntary contractions.

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