CES CES Anatomy and Biomechanics

Question 1

Which muscle is considered the primary hip flexor and is commonly overactive in individuals with an anterior pelvic tilt?

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Answer

The iliopsoas is the primary hip flexor and frequently becomes overactive, contributing to anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis.

Question 2

What term describes the relationship between opposing muscle groups where one becomes overactive and its antagonist becomes underactive?

Accepted Answer

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer

Altered reciprocal inhibition occurs when an overactive agonist neurologically inhibits its antagonist, reducing its activation and force output.

Question 3

The glenohumeral joint is classified as which type of synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body.

Question 4

Which connective tissue structure connects muscle to bone and transmits force produced by muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Answer

Tendons are dense connective tissue structures that transmit muscular force to bone, enabling joint movement.

Question 5

What is the primary role of the rotator cuff muscles at the glenohumeral joint?

Accepted Answer

Dynamic stabilizers keeping the humeral head centered

Answer

The rotator cuff muscles (SITS) function primarily as dynamic stabilizers, compressing the humeral head into the glenoid fossa during movement.

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