ARDMS Echo Pericardial Disease

Question 1

What is the normal volume of pericardial fluid in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

15–50 mL

Answer

The normal pericardial sac contains approximately 15–50 mL of serous fluid that acts as a lubricant between the visceral and parietal pericardium.

Question 2

On the parasternal long-axis view, how is a pericardial effusion distinguished from a left pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

Pericardial effusion is bounded anteriorly by the descending aorta

Answer

On the parasternal long-axis view, pericardial effusion lies anterior to the descending aorta, whereas a pleural effusion extends posterior to it.

Question 3

According to standard echocardiographic grading, a small pericardial effusion is defined as an echo-free space measuring less than:

Accepted Answer

10 mm

Answer

A small pericardial effusion is classified as an echo-free separation of less than 10 mm measured in the parasternal long-axis view during diastole.

Question 4

Which condition is characterized by fibrous thickening, scarring, and sometimes calcification of the pericardium that impairs cardiac filling?

Accepted Answer

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer

Constrictive pericarditis results from scarring and loss of pericardial elasticity, creating a rigid shell around the heart that restricts ventricular filling.

Question 5

What is the most common echocardiographic finding in acute pericarditis?

Accepted Answer

Pericardial effusion

Answer

Pericardial effusion is detected in the majority of acute pericarditis cases and is the most frequently observed echocardiographic abnormality.

ARDMS Echo - American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Echocardiography Practice Test

ARDMS Echo - American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Echocardiography Practice Test

ARDMS Echo Pericardial Disease