AOCNP Clinical Trials and Evidence-Based Oncology Practice 4

Question 1

A patient asks about joining a basket trial. Which best describes this trial design?

Accepted Answer

Enrolls patients with the same molecular alteration across multiple tumor types

Answer

Basket trials enroll patients based on a shared molecular alteration (e.g., BRAF V600E) regardless of tumor histology.

Question 2

Which statistical concept describes the probability of correctly detecting a true treatment effect in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

Statistical power

Answer

Statistical power (1 − β) is the probability that a trial will detect a true treatment effect when one exists.

Question 3

An oncology NP reviews a study reporting a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.72 with 95% CI 0.58–0.89 for overall survival. How should this be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

The treatment reduces the risk of death by 28% and the result is statistically significant

Answer

HR < 1 favors the treatment arm, and a 95% CI that does not cross 1.0 indicates statistical significance.

Question 4

Which adaptive trial design feature allows modification of the randomization ratio during an ongoing trial based on interim results?

Accepted Answer

Response-adaptive randomization

Answer

Response-adaptive randomization dynamically shifts allocation probability toward the better-performing arm as interim data accumulate.

Question 5

A clinical trial uses a 2×2 factorial design. What is the primary advantage of this design?

Accepted Answer

It allows simultaneous testing of two independent interventions in one trial

Answer

Factorial designs test two or more interventions simultaneously, increasing efficiency by answering multiple questions with one sample.

AOCNP - Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner Practice Test