Anatomy Exam Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 3

Question 1

Which cells in the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Answer

Parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric glands secrete HCl via the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump on their luminal surface.

Question 2

At which vertebral level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

T10

Answer

The esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm at the level of T10, accompanied by the vagal trunks.

Question 3

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure of the upper GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Second part of the duodenum

Answer

The second, third, and fourth parts of the duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal, whereas the first part has a short mesentery and is intraperitoneal.

Question 4

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Answer

The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the stomach via the anterior and posterior vagal trunks.

Question 5

The hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) opens into which part of the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Second part (descending)

Answer

The ampulla of Vater opens at the major duodenal papilla on the posteromedial wall of the second (descending) part of the duodenum.

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 3