Anatomy Exam Anatomy Muscles of the Lower Limb 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle is the primary hip flexor?
- Gluteus maximus
- Iliopsoas (Correct answer)
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Sartorius
Correct answer: Iliopsoas
The iliopsoas, composed of the iliacus and psoas major, is the primary hip flexor.
Question 2: What is the primary action of the gluteus maximus?
- Hip flexion
- Hip abduction
- Hip extension (Correct answer)
- Hip internal rotation
Correct answer: Hip extension
The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the body and primarily extends and externally rotates the hip.
Question 3: Which muscles make up the quadriceps femoris group?
- Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius (Correct answer)
- Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis
- Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus
- Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus
Correct answer: Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
The quadriceps femoris consists of the rectus femoris and the three vastus muscles (lateralis, medialis, intermedius).
Question 4: Which nerve innervates the hamstring muscles?
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- Sciatic nerve (Correct answer)
- Saphenous nerve
Correct answer: Sciatic nerve
The hamstrings are primarily innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve, except the short head of biceps femoris (common fibular division).
Question 5: What is the origin of the rectus femoris?
- Lesser trochanter
- Anterior inferior iliac spine (Correct answer)
- Ischial tuberosity
- Greater trochanter
Correct answer: Anterior inferior iliac spine
The rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and the acetabular rim.
Question 6: Which muscle is the primary plantarflexor of the foot?
- Tibialis anterior
- Peroneus longus
- Gastrocnemius (Correct answer)
- Extensor digitorum longus
Correct answer: Gastrocnemius
The gastrocnemius, together with the soleus, is the primary plantarflexor of the foot.
Anatomy Exam Anatomy Muscles of the Lower Limb 1
Which muscle is the primary hip flexor?