Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 4

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting cellular glucose uptake?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Insulin, secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, signals cells to take up glucose, lowering blood sugar.

Question 2

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority of reabsorption of filtered substances?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered water, sodium, glucose, and amino acids.

Question 3

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

The nephron, comprising the glomerulus and renal tubule system, is the structural and functional unit that produces urine.

Question 4

Which cranial nerve is responsible for most of the parasympathetic innervation of the thoracic and abdominal organs?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Answer

The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs.

Question 5

In a long bone, where does endochondral ossification occur during growth in length?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Answer

The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is the zone of cartilage where endochondral ossification drives longitudinal bone growth.

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