Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting cellular glucose uptake?
- Glucagon
- Cortisol
- Insulin (Correct answer)
- Epinephrine
Correct answer: Insulin
Insulin, secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, signals cells to take up glucose, lowering blood sugar.
Question 2: Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority of reabsorption of filtered substances?
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
- Proximal convoluted tubule (Correct answer)
- Loop of Henle
Correct answer: Proximal convoluted tubule
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered water, sodium, glucose, and amino acids.
Question 3: What is the functional unit of the kidney?
- Glomerulus
- Nephron (Correct answer)
- Renal tubule
- Collecting duct
Correct answer: Nephron
The nephron, comprising the glomerulus and renal tubule system, is the structural and functional unit that produces urine.
Question 4: Which cranial nerve is responsible for most of the parasympathetic innervation of the thoracic and abdominal organs?
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- Facial nerve (CN VII)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- Vagus nerve (CN X) (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Vagus nerve (CN X)
The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs.
Question 5: In a long bone, where does endochondral ossification occur during growth in length?
- Periosteum
- Medullary cavity
- Epiphyseal plate (Correct answer)
- Articular cartilage
Correct answer: Epiphyseal plate
The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is the zone of cartilage where endochondral ossification drives longitudinal bone growth.
Question 6: Which muscle is the primary mover (agonist) during elbow flexion?
- Triceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Biceps brachii (Correct answer)
- Deltoid
Correct answer: Biceps brachii
The biceps brachii is the prime mover of elbow flexion, especially when the forearm is supinated.
Question 7: What term describes movement of a limb away from the midline of the body?
- Adduction
- Rotation
- Abduction (Correct answer)
- Circumduction
Correct answer: Abduction
Abduction moves a limb laterally away from the body's midline, as when raising the arm to the side.
Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 4
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting cellular glucose uptake?