Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 3

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP via oxidative phosphorylation in their inner membrane.

Question 2

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, before the cell enters mitosis.

Question 3

Which blood cell type is responsible for the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) mediate the adaptive immune response through antibody production and cell-mediated immunity.

Question 4

What type of joint allows for the widest range of motion in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, permit movement in all planes, giving the greatest range of motion.

Question 5

Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight'?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Answer

The sympathetic division increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and directs blood to muscles in response to stress.

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