Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
- Ribosome
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Lysosome
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP via oxidative phosphorylation in their inner membrane.
Question 2: In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
- G1 phase
- S phase (Correct answer)
- G2 phase
- M phase
Correct answer: S phase
DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, before the cell enters mitosis.
Question 3: Which blood cell type is responsible for the adaptive immune response?
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) mediate the adaptive immune response through antibody production and cell-mediated immunity.
Question 4: What type of joint allows for the widest range of motion in the human body?
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Saddle joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, permit movement in all planes, giving the greatest range of motion.
Question 5: Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight'?
- Somatic nervous system
- Parasympathetic division
- Sympathetic division (Correct answer)
- Enteric nervous system
Correct answer: Sympathetic division
The sympathetic division increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and directs blood to muscles in response to stress.
Question 6: What is the correct order of blood flow through the heart?
- Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body (Correct answer)
- Left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium → right ventricle → body
- Right ventricle → right atrium → lungs → left ventricle → left atrium → body
- Left ventricle → left atrium → lungs → right ventricle → right atrium → body
Correct answer: Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, moves to the right ventricle, travels to the lungs, returns to the left atrium, then left ventricle before being pumped to the body.
Question 7: The knee joint is classified primarily as what type of joint?
- Saddle joint
- Pivot joint
- Hinge joint (Correct answer)
- Gliding joint
Correct answer: Hinge joint
The knee is primarily a hinge joint that allows flexion and extension, though it has minor rotational capability.
Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 3
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?