SGNA Medications and Pharmacology

Question 1

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) work by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme in parietal cells

Answer

PPIs irreversibly bind and inhibit the proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) in gastric parietal cells, providing long-lasting suppression of acid secretion.

Question 2

Metoclopramide is primarily used in GI patients for which indication?

Accepted Answer

Gastroparesis and nausea

Answer

Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist that enhances gastric motility and acts as an antiemetic, used for gastroparesis, GERD, and procedure-related nausea.

Question 3

Which class of medications is contraindicated in patients with active GI bleeding due to increased bleeding risk?

Accepted Answer

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents (e.g., warfarin, aspirin)

Answer

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs impair clotting mechanisms, significantly increasing risk of continued or worsening GI hemorrhage.

Question 4

Glucagon is sometimes administered during upper GI endoscopy for which purpose?

Accepted Answer

Relax smooth muscle to reduce spasm and improve visualization

Answer

Glucagon relaxes GI smooth muscle (antispasmodic effect), reducing peristalsis and spasm to improve endoscopic visualization, particularly in the duodenum.

Question 5

Which laxative class works by increasing intraluminal osmotic pressure to draw water into the bowel?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic laxatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol, lactulose)

Answer

Osmotic laxatives like polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX) and lactulose draw water into the intestinal lumen through osmosis, softening stool and promoting bowel movements.

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test

SGNA Medications and Pharmacology