SGNA GI Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which sphincter separates the esophagus from the stomach and prevents gastroesophageal reflux?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Answer

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring at the gastroesophageal junction that prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the small intestine's villi and microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Answer

Villi and microvilli (brush border) dramatically increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine, maximizing nutrient uptake.

Question 3

The haustra are characteristic structural features of which GI organ?

Accepted Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Haustra are the sac-like pouches that give the large intestine its characteristic segmented appearance, visible on colonoscopy.

Question 4

Which cells in the gastric mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Answer

Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) in the gastric fundus and body secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Question 5

What is the approximate length of the adult colon?

Accepted Answer

1.5 meters

Answer

The adult colon (large intestine) is approximately 1.5 meters (about 5 feet) long, extending from the ileocecal valve to the rectum.

SGNA - Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates Practice Test