PCAT Statistics 2

Question 1

A dataset has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. What is the z-score of a value of 35?

Accepted Answer

-1.5

Answer

Z = (35 - 50) / 10 = -15 / 10 = -1.5.

Question 2

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme outliers?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

The mean incorporates all values arithmetically, so extreme outliers pull it significantly.

Question 3

A clinical trial reports a p-value of 0.03. Which conclusion is most appropriate at α = 0.05?

Accepted Answer

Reject the null hypothesis

Answer

Since p = 0.03 < α = 0.05, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 4

In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean?

Accepted Answer

95%

Answer

The empirical rule states that ~95% of data falls within ±2 standard deviations in a normal distribution.

Question 5

A researcher wants to determine if there is a linear relationship between drug dose and response. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Pearson correlation

Answer

Pearson correlation measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables.

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