Vision and Ophthalmology Pharmacology and Medications 2

Question 1

Bevacizumab (Avastin) used off-label in ophthalmology is an example of which drug class?

Accepted Answer

Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody

Answer

Bevacizumab is a full-length humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, used off-label intravitreally for wet AMD, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusions.

Question 2

Steroid-induced glaucoma is most commonly associated with which route of administration?

Accepted Answer

Topical ophthalmic steroids (especially potent ones like prednisolone)

Answer

Topical ophthalmic corticosteroids, particularly potent ones like prednisolone acetate 1%, most commonly cause steroid-induced IOP elevation due to direct trabecular effects.

Question 3

Brimonidine (Alphagan) reduces IOP by which dual mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates alpha-2 receptors to reduce aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow

Answer

Brimonidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that reduces IOP by both decreasing aqueous production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.

Question 4

Which antiviral medication is first-line treatment for herpes simplex virus keratitis?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir or ganciclovir (topical/oral)

Answer

Topical trifluridine or ganciclovir gel, or oral acyclovir/valacyclovir, are first-line treatments for HSV epithelial keratitis.

Question 5

Natamycin eye drops are the treatment of choice for which type of keratitis?

Accepted Answer

Fungal keratitis (especially filamentous fungi like Fusarium)

Answer

Natamycin, a polyene antifungal, is the only FDA-approved topical antifungal eye drop and is first-line for filamentous fungal keratitis such as Fusarium.

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Pharmacology and Medications 2